What is the correct acid name for an aqueous solution of $ HClO_3 $ ?

Hint :As we know acid is a chemical species that donates hydrogen ions or accepts electrons or protons. In general it starts with hydro and then ends with -ic acid. There are exceptions to this rule. Not all the acid starts with hydro prefix.

Complete Step By Step Answer:
 $ HOCL{( = O)_3} $ perchloric acid,
 $ Cl( + VII);pKa \cong - 15 $ , its salts are termed as perchlorates
 $ HOCl{\left( { = O} \right)_2}c $ chloric acid,
 $ Cl( + V);pKa \cong - 1. $ its salts are known as chlorates
 $ HOCl = O $ chlorous acid
 $ Cl( + III);pka = + 1.96 $ its salts are known as chlorites
 $ HOCl $ hypochlorous acid
 $ Cl( + I);pka = + 7.53 $ its salts are known as hypochlorite
Increase in oxygen substitution increases overall acidity
Hypochlorite salts are the active ingredient of bleach
So as a potent oxidant, see the below reaction
 $ ^ - OCl + 2{H^ + } + 2{e^ - } \to Cl - + {H_2}O $
So we also got $ HCl $ hydrochloric acid
 $ Cl( - I) $ its salts are called as chlorides
So the correct acid name is chloric acid.

Note :
Chloric acid is an oxoacid of chlorine, it is a strong salt with $ pKa = - 2.7 $ and it has oxidising nature. It is pyramidal in shape. it is thermodynamically unstable. It is colourless liquid and it is corrosive in nature