How does masers work compared with lasers?

Hint: In this question, first we will know the full form of MASER and LASER. Also, we will know the working of both MASER and LASER. This will help us to compare both the techniques. Also, we will note some of the important properties of electromagnetic radiation.

Complete solution:
First we will know the full form of both MASER and LASER:
M.A.S.E.R. is the acronym for Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.
L.A.S.E.R. is the acronym for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.

Further, let us know how the complete setup of a LASER and MASER work:
First of all, electrons present in a material absorb an electric current or electromagnetic wave and get excited to a higher energy level, this means that the electrons jump from a low energy state to a higher energy state.

Next, when these electrons lose their energy and drop back down to the lower energy state, here the energy they release when they come to a lower energy level is released in the form of a photon. Also, the photons given off from electrons this way all have the same wavelength, and are focused in the same direction.

Now, here the difference between a laser and a maser is that in a laser the photon comes in the range of a visible light, whereas in the maser a photon comes in the range of a microwave region. Also, the changes in the frequency and wavelength of photons come from the type of electromagnetic wave being absorbed.

Note:
We should know that electromagnetic waves are transverse in nature when they propagate or travel by varying the electric and magnetic fields, here the two fields that are electric and magnetic fields are perpendicular to each other. Also, we should note that electromagnetic waves do not require any material medium to travel.