Who established the Slave Dynasty?
a. Balban
b. Iltutmish
c. Razia Begum
d. Qutub-ud-din Aibak

Hint: The Slave dynasty was established by one of the most trusted slaves of Muhammad Ghori in the year 1206, after the death of Muhammad Ghori in Ghor.

Complete step by step solution: All the rulers mentioned are prominent sultans of the Slave Dynasty and had made several administrative decisions. Let’s take a look at the options one by one:
a. Balban – Balban became the Sultan in the year 1266 and ruled until 1286. Since the Slave dynasty was established in 1206, Balban could not be the founder of the Slave dynasty. So, it is an incorrect option.
b. Iltutmish – Iltutmish was a sultan of Qutub ud din Aibak and was the second sultan of the Slave dynasty. However, since he was the second ruler, he could not have established the Slave dynasty. So, it is an incorrect option.
c. Razia Begum – Razia Begum became the Sultan of Delhi in the year 1236 and she cannot be the founder of the Slave dynasty since the dynasty was established 30 years prior to her accession to the throne. So, it is an incorrect option.
d. Qutub-ud-din Aibak – Qutub-ud-din Aibak was the most trusted slave of Muhammad Ghori. So, after the death of Muhammad Ghori in Ghor, he established his own dynasty known as the Slave Dynasty. So, it is the correct option.

Note: The Slave dynasty is also known as the Mamluk Dynasty in Turkish and the word Mamluk means “owned”. The rulers of this dynasty were once owned by someone, hence they were called the Mamluks.