Explain artificial methods of vegetative propagation in plants.

Hint: Vegetative propagation is an agricultural practice. It is a form of asexual reproduction. Artificial vegetative propagation is the production of new plants from the parts of the old plants. It is widely used in horticultural practices.

Complete answer:
Vegetative propagation or asexual reproduction is the process by which new plants are developed from parts of the old plants. It is mostly used in horticultural crop nurseries. It can be done in three ways: layering, grafting and cutting.
Layering: in this method, a portion of an aerial stem grows roots while still attached to the parenting plan and eventually detaches itself and grows as an independent plant. Layering is done by two methods, ground layering and air layering. Examples include grapes, climbing roses, etc.
Grafting: in this method, a stem of a plant is cut off such that its roots are still in the soil. This cut portion is called stock. A stem cutting from another plant which is called the scion is placed on the stock. Generally, a wound or depression is created in one part, and another part is inserted into it so each plant’s tissue can grow together. Grafting can be done in three ways, splice and whip grafting, whip and tongue grafting, and approach grafting.
Cutting: it is one of the easiest methods of propagation. In this method, a small part of stem or leaf is grown into the soil, and it develops roots and forms a new plant. This is possible in bougainvillaea, rose, etc.

Note: The methods mentioned above are helpful in the production of new varieties of plants. No seed is required for growing a plant. This technique is also useful in the production of plants which are difficult to propagate using seeds. However, asexual reproduction does not contribute to evolution.