The collection of all the alleles of all the genes of a crop plant is called
A. Germplasm collection
B. Protoplasm collection
C. Herbarium
D. Somaclonal collection

Hint:-For the study of population genetics, the fact that genes occur in alternative forms, called alleles, forms the foundation. The set within a population of all the genes and the different alternative or allelic variants of those genes is called its gene pool.

Complete step-by-step solution:-
Germoplasma are living genetic assets that are preserved for the purpose of animal and plant reproduction, preservation, and other scientific purposes, such as seeds or tissues. Such tools can take the form of seed collections deposited in seed banks, nursery trees, animal breeding lines retained in programmes for animal breeding or gene banks, etc. Collections of germplasm can range from wild species collections to prestigious, domesticated breeding lines that have undergone comprehensive human selection. For the conservation of biological diversity and food protection, germplasm selection is essential.
A combination of small molecules such as ions, amino acids, monosaccharides and water, and macromolecules such as nucleic acids , proteins, lipids and polysaccharides are made of protoplasm. The protoplasm covering the cell nucleus is known as the cytoplasm in eukaryotes and as the nucleoplasm within the nucleus. The bacterial cytoplasm is the substance inside the plasma membrane in prokaryotes, while the periplasm is the area outside the plasma membrane but inside the outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria.

A herbarium is a collection of stored plant specimens used for scientific research and related records. Specimens may be entire plants or pieces of plants; they may typically be placed on a sheet of paper in dry form (called 'exsiccatae'), but may also be preserved in boxes or preserved in alcohol or other preservatives, depending on the content. In identifying plant taxa, the collections in a herbarium are sometimes used as a reference material; certain collections can be formed.

Somaclonal variation, the recovery from tissue culture of genetic variations in plants regenerated, provides an opportunity to discover natural variability and to use this variability for new variety production.

From these discussions we can conclude that The whole set of all the various alleles of all the genes in a given crop is called the set of germplasm. It is used to determine the variations of characters in plants that are attractive. It is the first stage in the plant breeding process.

Therefore the correct answer is option (A).


Note:-
 The influences that determine the gene pool's makeup are influenced by both the physical world and time. Consequently , it is possible to refine the concept of populations to include groups of organisms whose genetic composition changes over time and groups of organisms which appear to interbreed.