The Gaddi shepherds of Himachal Pradesh spent their winter in the low hills of _________?
a. Aravalli range
b. Khyber pass
c. Pir panjal
d. Siwalik range

Hint: There are many pastoral communities in India such as Gujjar Bakarwals, Gaddi Shepherd, etc. Gurjars live in the mountains.

Complete solution:
- Gaddi shepherds of Himachal Pradesh reared goats and sheep.
- Because of their movement between the lower hills of the Shivalik ranges to the villages of Lahaul and Spiti.
- When the high mountains were covered with snow, they spent their winters in the lower hills of the Shivalik range. The dry shrub forests here were pastures for their flocks. By [this] April he moved north and spent the summer in Lahaul and Spiti. When the snow melted and the high pass cleared, many of them went to the high mountain grasslands.
- By September he started his comeback movement. On the way, they once again stopped at the villages Lahaul and Spiti, reaping their summer crop and sowing their winter crop.
- Gaddi shepherds lived in Himachal Pradesh. He had a cycle of seasonal movements.
- He spent his winter like the Gurjar Bakarwals of Jammu and Kashmir in the lower hills of the Shivalik range.
- By April, he moved north and spent the summer in Lahaul and Spiti.
- When the snow melted and the high pass cleared, many of them went to the high mountains of the grasslands.
- By September, he started the movement. On return, they stop at Lahaul and Spiti.

They spent their winters in the lower hills of the Shivalik range and went to graze their flocks in the jungles. By April, they moved north and spent summers in Lahaul and Spiti. When the snow melted and the high pass cleared, many of them moved to the high mountain plains. By September, he started his retreat movement and with his flock descended to his winter pasture grounds, the Shivalik hills.


Hence, the correct answer is option d.

Note:
The first species group to enter India was the Negro. After that came the proto-Australoid and Mediterranean species respectively. Together these two species started the Harappan civilization. The Nordic species came to an end in India. All these species are different from each other on the basis of their ethnic characteristics. These ethnic properties include hair colour and appearance, cranial structure, nasal index, eye colour and size, physical structure, skin colour, blood group etc. In fact, there is an extreme mixture of species in India.