The value of $\int\limits_{ - \dfrac{\pi }{2}}^{\dfrac{\pi }{2}} {\dfrac{{{{\sin }^2}x}}{{1 + {2^x}}}dx} $ is
A) $4\pi $
B) $\dfrac{\pi }{4}$
C) $\dfrac{\pi }{8}$
D) $\dfrac{\pi }{2}$
Answer
648.9k+ views
Hint: If $I$ is given as $I = \int\limits_a^b {f\left( x \right)dx} $, then $x$ can be replaced by $a + b - x$, then the value of $I$ remains unchanged. So, $I = \int\limits_a^b {f\left( {a + b - x} \right)dx} $.
Then add both, we will get our value.
Complete step-by-step answer:
Let $I = \int\limits_{ - \dfrac{\pi }{2}}^{\dfrac{\pi }{2}} {\dfrac{{{{\sin }^2}x}}{{1 + {2^x}}}dx} $.................(1)
As we know that if $I = \int\limits_a^b {f\left( x \right)dx} $, then by using king property , $I = \int\limits_a^b {f\left( {a + b - x} \right)dx} $.
So, using king property in equation (1),
$\Rightarrow$$I = \int\limits_{ - \dfrac{\pi }{2}}^{\dfrac{\pi }{2}} {\dfrac{{{{\sin }^2}\left( {\dfrac{\pi }{2} - \dfrac{\pi }{2} - x} \right)}}{{1 + {2^{\left( {\dfrac{\pi }{2} - \dfrac{\pi }{2} - x} \right)}}}}} dx$
$\Rightarrow$$I = \int\limits_{ - \dfrac{\pi }{2}}^{\dfrac{\pi }{2}} {\dfrac{{{{\sin }^2}\left( { - x} \right)}}{{1 + {2^{ - x}}}}} dx$
As we know $\sin \left( { - x} \right) = - \sin x{\text{ , so, }}{\sin ^2}\left( { - x} \right) = {\sin ^2}x$.
$
\Rightarrow I = \int\limits_{ - \dfrac{\pi }{2}}^{\dfrac{\pi }{2}} {\dfrac{{{{\sin }^2}\left( x \right)}}{{1 + \dfrac{1}{{{2^x}}}}}} dx \\
{\text{Now taking LCM of }}{2^x}, \\
\Rightarrow I = \int\limits_{ - \dfrac{\pi }{2}}^{\dfrac{\pi }{2}} {\dfrac{{{2^x}{{\sin }^2}\left( x \right)}}{{{2^x} + 1}}} dx…………………….{\text{ (2)}} \\
\\
$
Now, if we add equation (1) and (2),
$
\Rightarrow I + I = \int\limits_{ - \dfrac{\pi }{2}}^{\dfrac{\pi }{2}} {\left( {\dfrac{{{2^x}{{\sin }^2}\left( x \right)}}{{{2^x} + 1}} + \dfrac{{{{\sin }^2}x}}{{1 + {2^x}}}} \right)} dx \\
\Rightarrow 2I = \int\limits_{ - \dfrac{\pi }{2}}^{\dfrac{\pi }{2}} {{{\sin }^2}x\dfrac{{{2^x} + 1}}{{{2^x} + 1}}}
\Rightarrow 2I = \int\limits_{ - \dfrac{\pi }{2}}^{\dfrac{\pi }{2}} {{{\sin }^2}x} dx \\
$
As we know that $\cos 2\theta = 1 - 2{\sin ^2}\theta $, so, ${\sin ^2}\theta = \dfrac{{1 - \cos 2\theta }}{2}$. Using this value we get,
$
\Rightarrow 2I = \int\limits_{ - \dfrac{\pi }{2}}^{\dfrac{\pi }{2}} {\dfrac{{1 - \cos 2x}}{2}dx} \\
\Rightarrow 2I = \dfrac{1}{2}\int\limits_{ - \dfrac{\pi }{2}}^{\dfrac{\pi }{2}} {\left( {1 - \cos 2x} \right)dx} \\
\Rightarrow 2I = \dfrac{1}{2}{\left[ {x - \dfrac{{\sin 2x}}{2}} \right]_{ - \dfrac{\pi }{2}}}^{\dfrac{\pi }{2}} \\
\Rightarrow I = \dfrac{1}{4}\left[ {\left( {\dfrac{\pi }{2} - \left( { - \dfrac{\pi }{2}} \right)} \right) - \left( {\dfrac{{\sin \pi }}{2} - \dfrac{{\sin \left( { - \pi } \right)}}{2}} \right)} \right] \\
\Rightarrow I = \dfrac{1}{4}\left[ {\pi - \sin \pi } \right] = \dfrac{\pi }{4} \\
$
(As we know $\sin n\pi = 0$ ,where $n$ is an integer)
So, value of $\int\limits_{ - \dfrac{\pi }{2}}^{\dfrac{\pi }{2}} {\dfrac{{{{\sin }^2}x}}{{1 + {2^x}}}dx} $ is $\dfrac{\pi }{4}$
So, option B is the correct answer.
Note: As we know, if $f\left( x \right) = f\left( { - x} \right)$, then it is an even function and when $f\left( x \right)$ is an even function, then $\int\limits_{ - a}^a {f\left( x \right)dx = 2\int\limits_0^a {f\left( x \right)dx} } $. And if $f\left( x \right)$ is odd, means $f\left( x \right) = - f\left( { - x} \right)$, then $\int\limits_{ - a}^a {f\left( x \right)dx = 0} $.
Then add both, we will get our value.
Complete step-by-step answer:
Let $I = \int\limits_{ - \dfrac{\pi }{2}}^{\dfrac{\pi }{2}} {\dfrac{{{{\sin }^2}x}}{{1 + {2^x}}}dx} $.................(1)
As we know that if $I = \int\limits_a^b {f\left( x \right)dx} $, then by using king property , $I = \int\limits_a^b {f\left( {a + b - x} \right)dx} $.
So, using king property in equation (1),
$\Rightarrow$$I = \int\limits_{ - \dfrac{\pi }{2}}^{\dfrac{\pi }{2}} {\dfrac{{{{\sin }^2}\left( {\dfrac{\pi }{2} - \dfrac{\pi }{2} - x} \right)}}{{1 + {2^{\left( {\dfrac{\pi }{2} - \dfrac{\pi }{2} - x} \right)}}}}} dx$
$\Rightarrow$$I = \int\limits_{ - \dfrac{\pi }{2}}^{\dfrac{\pi }{2}} {\dfrac{{{{\sin }^2}\left( { - x} \right)}}{{1 + {2^{ - x}}}}} dx$
As we know $\sin \left( { - x} \right) = - \sin x{\text{ , so, }}{\sin ^2}\left( { - x} \right) = {\sin ^2}x$.
$
\Rightarrow I = \int\limits_{ - \dfrac{\pi }{2}}^{\dfrac{\pi }{2}} {\dfrac{{{{\sin }^2}\left( x \right)}}{{1 + \dfrac{1}{{{2^x}}}}}} dx \\
{\text{Now taking LCM of }}{2^x}, \\
\Rightarrow I = \int\limits_{ - \dfrac{\pi }{2}}^{\dfrac{\pi }{2}} {\dfrac{{{2^x}{{\sin }^2}\left( x \right)}}{{{2^x} + 1}}} dx…………………….{\text{ (2)}} \\
\\
$
Now, if we add equation (1) and (2),
$
\Rightarrow I + I = \int\limits_{ - \dfrac{\pi }{2}}^{\dfrac{\pi }{2}} {\left( {\dfrac{{{2^x}{{\sin }^2}\left( x \right)}}{{{2^x} + 1}} + \dfrac{{{{\sin }^2}x}}{{1 + {2^x}}}} \right)} dx \\
\Rightarrow 2I = \int\limits_{ - \dfrac{\pi }{2}}^{\dfrac{\pi }{2}} {{{\sin }^2}x\dfrac{{{2^x} + 1}}{{{2^x} + 1}}}
\Rightarrow 2I = \int\limits_{ - \dfrac{\pi }{2}}^{\dfrac{\pi }{2}} {{{\sin }^2}x} dx \\
$
As we know that $\cos 2\theta = 1 - 2{\sin ^2}\theta $, so, ${\sin ^2}\theta = \dfrac{{1 - \cos 2\theta }}{2}$. Using this value we get,
$
\Rightarrow 2I = \int\limits_{ - \dfrac{\pi }{2}}^{\dfrac{\pi }{2}} {\dfrac{{1 - \cos 2x}}{2}dx} \\
\Rightarrow 2I = \dfrac{1}{2}\int\limits_{ - \dfrac{\pi }{2}}^{\dfrac{\pi }{2}} {\left( {1 - \cos 2x} \right)dx} \\
\Rightarrow 2I = \dfrac{1}{2}{\left[ {x - \dfrac{{\sin 2x}}{2}} \right]_{ - \dfrac{\pi }{2}}}^{\dfrac{\pi }{2}} \\
\Rightarrow I = \dfrac{1}{4}\left[ {\left( {\dfrac{\pi }{2} - \left( { - \dfrac{\pi }{2}} \right)} \right) - \left( {\dfrac{{\sin \pi }}{2} - \dfrac{{\sin \left( { - \pi } \right)}}{2}} \right)} \right] \\
\Rightarrow I = \dfrac{1}{4}\left[ {\pi - \sin \pi } \right] = \dfrac{\pi }{4} \\
$
(As we know $\sin n\pi = 0$ ,where $n$ is an integer)
So, value of $\int\limits_{ - \dfrac{\pi }{2}}^{\dfrac{\pi }{2}} {\dfrac{{{{\sin }^2}x}}{{1 + {2^x}}}dx} $ is $\dfrac{\pi }{4}$
So, option B is the correct answer.
Note: As we know, if $f\left( x \right) = f\left( { - x} \right)$, then it is an even function and when $f\left( x \right)$ is an even function, then $\int\limits_{ - a}^a {f\left( x \right)dx = 2\int\limits_0^a {f\left( x \right)dx} } $. And if $f\left( x \right)$ is odd, means $f\left( x \right) = - f\left( { - x} \right)$, then $\int\limits_{ - a}^a {f\left( x \right)dx = 0} $.
Recently Updated Pages
Which of the following graphs shows the variation of class 12 physics CBSE

Draw a labelled diagram of the human male reproductive class 12 biology CBSE

Describe the experiment to compare the emf of two cells class 12 physics CBSE

What is standard hydrogen electrode

What is conventional current and electric current class 12 physics CBSE

2Bromopentane is treated with an alcoholic KOH solution class 12 chemistry CBSE

Trending doubts
Draw a labelled sketch of the human eye class 12 physics CBSE

Which are the Top 10 Largest Countries of the World?

Differentiate between homogeneous and heterogeneous class 12 chemistry CBSE

Draw ray diagrams each showing i myopic eye and ii class 12 physics CBSE

Which is the correct genotypic ratio of mendel dihybrid class 12 biology CBSE

What is the Full Form of PVC, PET, HDPE, LDPE, PP and PS ?

